Concrete cancer, also known as concrete corrosion, is the deterioration of concrete due to chemical reactions with its environment. This can result from exposure to moisture, chemicals, and pollutants, which can cause the steel reinforcement bars inside the concrete to corrode, leading to cracking and spalling of the concrete surface. The phenomenon is especially prevalent in areas with harsh weather conditions and high levels of air pollution. Preventive measures, such as proper waterproofing, regular maintenance, and the use of corrosion-resistant materials, can help to slow or prevent concrete cancer.
Concrete cancer is caused by several factors, including:
- Corrosion of steel reinforcement: Steel reinforcement bars are vulnerable to corrosion when they are exposed to moisture, oxygen, and chemicals. This corrosion can cause the steel to expand and apply pressure on the surrounding concrete, causing cracking and spalling.
- Chloride contamination: Chlorides, such as salt, can penetrate the concrete and cause corrosion of the steel reinforcement.
- Carbonation: When carbon dioxide in the air reacts with the concrete, it forms carbonic acid, which can reduce the pH of the concrete and cause corrosion of the steel reinforcement.
- Freeze-thaw damage: When water penetrates the concrete and then freezes, it expands and can cause cracking and spalling.
- Chemical attack: Exposure to chemicals, such as acids and alkalis, can also cause corrosion and damage to the concrete.
Concrete cancer can cause significant damage to a building. It weakens the structural integrity of the concrete and can lead to the following:
- Cracking and spalling: The corrosion of steel reinforcement bars can cause the concrete to crack and flake off, creating holes and reducing the overall strength of the structure.
- Structural failure: If the concrete cancer is not addressed, it can cause structural failure, making the building unsafe to occupy.
- Decreased aesthetic appeal: The visible signs of concrete cancer can make a building look unattractive and unkempt.
- Increased maintenance costs: Repairing concrete cancer can be costly, and regular maintenance is required to prevent it from worsening.
- Decreased property value: The damage caused by concrete cancer can also lower a building’s property value.
It is important to prevent the factors causing concrete by using proper materials, techniques, and maintenance practices in its construction and preservation. If however the prevention is inevitable and concrete cancer exists, it is crucial to address the concrete cancer promptly to prevent further damage and maintain the structural integrity, safety, and value of a building.
